英语自考怎么考
第一个!!! 你仔细看一下,应该对你有所帮助,
00602 口译与听力
南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0694）
一、考试说明
1．高级听力考试
1）高级听力考试为水平考试，考试方式为考生听录音磁带，同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种，其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间（具体时值以录音实际长度为准）。录音结束后，考生有10分钟额外的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。
2）考试题型
高级听力考试共有四个部分（Section）。其中前两部分为客观题，形式为单项选择，即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题，形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。
3）题型说明
这一部分 简要新闻理解（14分）
这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)级成。主要为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍，然后考生有30秒时间答题。
第二部分 详细报道理解（10分）
第一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一，一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道（news in detail），也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五乱早旁个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍，然后考生有一分钟时间答题。
第三部分 详细报道内容摘要（20分）
这一部分由两段较长的录音构成，性质同第二部分相同。针对每一哗橡段录音，考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组，要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍，每一遍后留有一分钟间隙供考生书写答案。
第四部分 听写（6分）
在这一部分考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面，上面有六处空白，要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。
2．口译考试
1）口译考试为水平考试。形式考官司面试。从考试的客观公平出发，每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官司的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上，届时为考生播放，考生做即席口译。
2）考试程序
口译考试分为两部分，汉译英和英译汉。
汉译英部分
汉译英部分分两个阶段进行。
第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句中文30字左右。内容睁蔽涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。
第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。
英译汉部分
英译汉部分分两个阶段进行。
第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。
第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播至尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。
3）口译总体要求
全部或绝大部分信息被译出，译法准确得当，重点词汇翻译准确，语音地道，语流顺畅，基本上一次完成，允许有少许自然停顿。
三、学习方法
由于客观条件的限制，加上广大自考生不能像在校重建了样有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况，学好“高级听力与口译”对他们来说有着相当的难度。高级听力和口译要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践，仅仅依靠课本，显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架，真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。
要想提高听力理解能力，首先钉保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求，既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上，翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。尽管对绝大多数考生来说不存在平时使用英语的环境，但这并不是说就没有办法了。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限，但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网上获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times 等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或录象服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影的DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的上好原材料。在练习听的时候，要注意方法，讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度，保证定时定量，把握难易度，根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音原文的文字稿，这样可以对照地学习，搞清楚是什么地方没有听懂，没有听懂的原因，这样才有所积累。才能逐步地提高听力水平。
在口译学习上，考生需要付出的劳动更多。口译是一种复杂的综合的语言技能，它对大多数英语学习者来说是陌生的，有挑战性的。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少，学习者可以多做一些笔译练习，打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达法甚至两种文化在思维定势上的差异，逐渐摆脱中式英语，向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展，新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现，这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。把对同一事件的中英文两种报道对照地学习，不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点，即译员必须及时地且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容性必须准无误地译出。而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理，译成对方文化易于理解的接受的内容。
四．考试指定教材
高级听力：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编著，外语教学与研究出版社
口译：基础阶段《高级口译教程》，梅德明编著，上海外语教育出版社
提高阶段：《实用英汉汉英口译教程》，徐海铭 季海宏编著，南京师范大学出版社
第二个!!!
00593和00594 英语听力
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南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0544）
课程内容及考核目标
一、课程内容
本课程的学习内容主要围绕本课程的指定教材《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2）。全书共36课，每课由三个部分组成。每一课的主要学习内容包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习等三个部分。
二、考核目标
本课程是一门训练听力的单项技能课，其考核目标为；听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交谈以及难度相当于TOEFL中的Mini-talk等中等难度的听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点，并能就所给的材料进行问答、复述和讨论。
Ⅲ、有关说明与实施要求
一、关于课程内容和考试目标
以上列出的课程学习内容和考核目标，将作为考生学习和考试命题的主要依据。考生应围绕本课程的指定教材，按要求全面系统地学习和掌握全书每一课的主要学习内容。听力考试是对应试者英语听力技能的综合测试。考生应通过英语听力自学考试教材的学习和训练，完成教材中的练习，循序渐进地提高听力理解能力。考试命题范围将主要围绕教材里的训练技能，如辨音、单句理解、对话理解并回答问题、短文理解、获取住处及回答问题、短文理解及判断正误等。命题应根据考核目标来把握试题的知识能力层次和难易程度，题型从点到线到面，即从词汇、到单句、小对话、较长的对话、短文，从易到难，循序渐进。
二、关于自学教材和学习方法
本课程所指定的教材为《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2），何其莘等编，外语教学与研究出版社。
本课程包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习三个部分。考生学习时应事先熟悉生词表中列出的词汇，并阅读文化背景注释。书中某些课文含有根据上下文推测、记笔记和整理讲座提纲等学习方法训练的内容，还包括对这些练习的示范说明，考生在做这部分练习时应熟悉这些训练的目的和要求。此外，考生应处理好听力课与其他课程的关系。应该知道，除了多听录音、多做练习之外，对语音语调的正确把握、丰富的词汇和语汇、宽阔的文化背景知识面等，对于提高英语听力技能是极其重要的，而这些综合的语言知识和语言技能的学习和掌握，与其他课程（中英语口语、阅读、语法、写作、英语国家概况等）的学习是分不开的。
三、关于考试形式、内容和成绩评定
英语听力考试的形式是笔试。题型均为多项选择类的客观题。考试分五大部分。
第一部分：辨音。（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个读音类似的单词中找出一个录音句子中含有的单词。录音句子读两遍。
第二部分：单句理解（占20％。共20题，每题1分。）
要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个句子中选出一句意思最为接近的句子。录音句子读两遍。
第三部分：对话理解、回答提问（占20％。共20题，每题1分。）
要求考生听完一男一女的两人小对话后，回答第三人的一句提问，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。对话及提问的录音放两遍。
第四部分：短文理解、回答提问（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一篇约200个单词的短文后，回答3－4个问题。问题列在卷面上，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。共三篇短文。短文录音放两遍。
第五部分；短文理解、判断正误（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一篇约600个单词的短文后，就短文内容判断10个句子的正误。10个句子均列在卷面上。短文录音放两遍。
整个听力考试约为60分钟。要求考生边听录音、边读试卷，同时在答题卡上做答。采用标准答体卡答卷，机器阅卷。满分为100分，60分为及格。
样题
一、试卷题型举例：
STan dARD LISTEING TESTFOR SELF - TAUGHT STUDENTS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
This is a test of your ability to understan d spoken English. It is divided into five sections. Each section of the test begins with a set of specific directions. Be sure you understan d what you are to do before you begin to work on a section.
The tape will tell you when to strat each section an d when to go on to the next section. You must follow the recording all the time an d work quickly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish a section early, you may review your answer on that section only. You may not go on to the next section an d you may not go back to a section you have already worked on.
You may find that some of the questions are more difficult than others,but you should try to answer every one. Your score will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly. Therefore, if you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best gues that you cna. It is to your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess the answer.
Do no mark your answers in this TEST BOOK. You must mark all your answers on the separate ANSWER SHEET. Be careful to mark only one answer to each question. If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on the ANSWER SHEET, clear it completely withan eraser an d then mark your new answer.
Section One
Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear tensentences. Each sentence will be read twice an d it contains one of the four words given below. You must listen carefully an find out the word you hear in the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
Here is an example:
On the recording,you hear:
The boy bit the man on the arm.
In your test book you read:
(A)beat (B)bit (C)bite (D)beast
You learn from the speaker that the word in the sentence is(B),"bit".Therefore,the correct answer is(B).Now,let’s begin with NO.1
1.(A)cha rged (B)trained (C)challenged (D)changed
2.(A)called (B)cold (C)cooked (D)good
3.(A)exhaustion (B)extraction (C)exhibition (D)exhibit
... ...
Section Two
Directions:For each question in Section Two, you will hear a sentence in the form of a statement or a question. Each sentence will
be spoken twice. When ou hear a sentence, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the chlosest interpretation of the statement or the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(20％)
1.(A)The story is very enjoyable.
(B)Is tha one of the stories?
(C)I wonder which story it is.
(D)Is that a wonderful story?
2.(A)The deans’ offices are located jus over the theater.
(B)The dean is in the other office.
(C)The offices are on the same floor as the theater.
(D)The officers are on the stage.
3.(A)Laura had to take the cake upstairs.
(B)Laura put on makeup before the exam.
(C)Laura must take the test.
(D)Laura knows the flag of every nation
... ...
Section Three
Directions: For each question in Section Three, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers. You will be given a question to answer about each conversation. Each conversation will be read twice. You must listen carefully to understan d what each speaker says. After you hear a conversation, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the best answer to the question. Then,on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
1.What does the woman mean?
(A)The train will be heavily loaded.
(B)The Capitol Building is made of stone.
(C)The Capitol building is near the train station.
(D)The train had already departed for Washington.
2.What does the man mean?
(A)He doesn’t think they are allowed to speak.
(B)He doesn’t know what’s happening outside.
(C)He is only talking to himself.
(D)He thinks it’s too noisy to talk now.
3.What does the man mean?
(A)He can read for a long time when he’s interested.
(B)He’s also amazed at how much he reads.
(C)He reads the same amount as he woman does.
(D)He finds it difficult to sit still to read.
... ...
Secton Four
Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear short talks an d converstations. After each talk or conversation, you will be given some question. Each talk or conversation will be read twice. You must read the questions an d the four possible answers carefully an d choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
1.What trouble did the pigeons have?
(A)The cobra cheated them.
(B)The cobra occupied their home.
(C)They blst their valuable necklace.
(D)The cobra often ate the pigeons’ young babies.
2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?
(A)A hare.
(B)A snake.
(C)A queen.
(D)Their servant.
3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?
(A)Because it was too heave.
(B)Because he wanted to trick the cobra.
(C)Because he wanted to please the cobra.
(D)Because he wanted the servants to run after him.
4.What is the point of this passage?
(A)When you are in trouble, better to go an d ask a clever
friend for help.
(B)bathing with a necklace left on the shore is foolish.
(C)It is better to be clever than strong.
(D)It’s foolish to eat young pigeons.
... ...
Section Five
Directions: This section is designed to measure your comprehension of a passage. You are going to hear the passage twice. It will not be written out for you. Therefore,you must listen carfully in order to understan d the passage completely. After you hear the passage, read each statement in your test book an d decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE according to what you have heard on the tape. Then on your answer sheet, if it is TRUE find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"A";if it is FALSE, find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"B".Now, please get ready to listen to the passage.(20％)
1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area
an d experienced hardships of life.
2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in
Englan d.
3.Chaplin had the same dream as his parent’s------to
be film stars.
... ...
THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST.
样题录音文字及标准答案：
Section One
1.The controller cha rged Amy too much.(A)
2.Mike’s coffee was cold.(B)
3.His art was appreciated by the younger people at the exhibi-
tion. (C)
Section Two
1.What a wonderful story!(A)
2.On the floor above the theatre are the deans’ offices.(A)
3.Laura has to make up the examination.(C)
Section Three
1.M.While I’m in Washington,I want to see the Capitol Building.
W.You will. It’s only a stone’s thrown away from the train
station.
Q.What does the woman mean?(C)
2.W. I’m sorry. What did you say?
M. Oh, nothing. I was just thinking out loud.
Q. What does the man mean?(C)
3.W. How you can read so much in one sitting is amazing.
M. When the subject is interesting enough, it’s easy.
Q. What does the man mean?(A)
Section Four
Once upon a time a pair of pigeons were continually upset by a cobra. Every year the snake crawled into their home to eat the young pigeons before they learned to fly.They asked their clever friend, the hare, what to do.
"Do not be disappointed,"he told them,"We cannot stop the cobra by force, as we are not strong enough. We will have to use craft to destroy that cruel beast. Just do what I tell you an d you will be safe."
The pigeon then flew off to the river where a queen was bating, guarded by all her servants. He snatched up the most beautiful necklace left on the shore an d flew away just out of reach of the angry servants. Once they were running straight for the cobra’s home he flew quickly ahead an d settled at the window pretenfing not to know what to do.
The cobra rushed towards the pigeon at once."Stupid pigeon," he thought. He only just managed to fly away, but dropped this valuable necklace in his haste."What will his wife say? Now I will be the most magnificent cobra in the world." However, no sooner had he put it on than the servants appeared an d killed him to take the expensive thing
back.
The year the pigeon’s family grew up healthy an d safe.
Questions:
1.What trouble did the pigeons have?(D)
2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?(A)
3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?(B)
4.What is! the point of this passage?(C)
Section Five
cha rles Chaplin
In 1911, a penniless young man left Englan d for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be worse than his past. He had grown up among the poor in London’s East End an d experience great poverty. His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad. an d his father died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage an d lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son dreamed that he could succeed where they had failed.
By 1914, his dream had come true. His name, cha rlie, was widely talked about in America. He was admired as the king of silent films. How did he reach the top of the film world an d make a huge success in such a short time? It was not at one single stroke. His early efforts to copy other famous stars at that time were a failure. However, he gradually began to develop the cha racter of a tramp, which is always connected with his name. He often borrowed ideas an d even "stole" most of his clothes from others, but he developed his own way to go with them. He used a black hat to pass secret messages, an d the walking stick allowed him to make fun of his enemies or to punish them from a distance. He got the idea for his famous walk from a London driver who had a wound in his foot.
... ...
Questions:
1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life.(A)
2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d.(B)
3.Chapin had the same dream as his parent’s---- to be film stars.(A)
(执笔：南京师范大学外国语学院 李霞 等)
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00602 口译与听力
南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0694）
一、考试说明
1．高级听力考试
1）高级听力考试为水平考试，考试方式为考生听录音磁带，同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种，其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间（具体时值以录音实际长度为准）。录音结束后，考生有10分钟额外的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。
2）考试题型
高级听力考试共有四个部分（Section）。其中前两部分为客观题，形式为单项选择，即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题，形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。
3）题型说明
这一部分 简要新闻理解（14分）
这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)级成。主要为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍，然后考生有30秒时间答题。
第二部分 详细报道理解（10分）
第一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一，一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道（news in detail），也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五乱早旁个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍，然后考生有一分钟时间答题。
第三部分 详细报道内容摘要（20分）
这一部分由两段较长的录音构成，性质同第二部分相同。针对每一哗橡段录音，考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组，要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍，每一遍后留有一分钟间隙供考生书写答案。
第四部分 听写（6分）
在这一部分考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面，上面有六处空白，要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。
2．口译考试
1）口译考试为水平考试。形式考官司面试。从考试的客观公平出发，每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官司的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上，届时为考生播放，考生做即席口译。
2）考试程序
口译考试分为两部分，汉译英和英译汉。
汉译英部分
汉译英部分分两个阶段进行。
第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句中文30字左右。内容睁蔽涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。
第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。
英译汉部分
英译汉部分分两个阶段进行。
第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。
第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播至尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。
3）口译总体要求
全部或绝大部分信息被译出，译法准确得当，重点词汇翻译准确，语音地道，语流顺畅，基本上一次完成，允许有少许自然停顿。
三、学习方法
由于客观条件的限制，加上广大自考生不能像在校重建了样有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况，学好“高级听力与口译”对他们来说有着相当的难度。高级听力和口译要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践，仅仅依靠课本，显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架，真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。
要想提高听力理解能力，首先钉保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求，既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上，翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。尽管对绝大多数考生来说不存在平时使用英语的环境，但这并不是说就没有办法了。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限，但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网上获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times 等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或录象服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影的DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的上好原材料。在练习听的时候，要注意方法，讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度，保证定时定量，把握难易度，根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音原文的文字稿，这样可以对照地学习，搞清楚是什么地方没有听懂，没有听懂的原因，这样才有所积累。才能逐步地提高听力水平。
在口译学习上，考生需要付出的劳动更多。口译是一种复杂的综合的语言技能，它对大多数英语学习者来说是陌生的，有挑战性的。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少，学习者可以多做一些笔译练习，打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达法甚至两种文化在思维定势上的差异，逐渐摆脱中式英语，向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展，新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现，这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。把对同一事件的中英文两种报道对照地学习，不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点，即译员必须及时地且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容性必须准无误地译出。而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理，译成对方文化易于理解的接受的内容。
四．考试指定教材
高级听力：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编著，外语教学与研究出版社
口译：基础阶段《高级口译教程》，梅德明编著，上海外语教育出版社
提高阶段：《实用英汉汉英口译教程》，徐海铭 季海宏编著，南京师范大学出版社
第二个!!!
00593和00594 英语听力
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南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0544）
课程内容及考核目标
一、课程内容
本课程的学习内容主要围绕本课程的指定教材《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2）。全书共36课，每课由三个部分组成。每一课的主要学习内容包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习等三个部分。
二、考核目标
本课程是一门训练听力的单项技能课，其考核目标为；听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交谈以及难度相当于TOEFL中的Mini-talk等中等难度的听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点，并能就所给的材料进行问答、复述和讨论。
Ⅲ、有关说明与实施要求
一、关于课程内容和考试目标
以上列出的课程学习内容和考核目标，将作为考生学习和考试命题的主要依据。考生应围绕本课程的指定教材，按要求全面系统地学习和掌握全书每一课的主要学习内容。听力考试是对应试者英语听力技能的综合测试。考生应通过英语听力自学考试教材的学习和训练，完成教材中的练习，循序渐进地提高听力理解能力。考试命题范围将主要围绕教材里的训练技能，如辨音、单句理解、对话理解并回答问题、短文理解、获取住处及回答问题、短文理解及判断正误等。命题应根据考核目标来把握试题的知识能力层次和难易程度，题型从点到线到面，即从词汇、到单句、小对话、较长的对话、短文，从易到难，循序渐进。
二、关于自学教材和学习方法
本课程所指定的教材为《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2），何其莘等编，外语教学与研究出版社。
本课程包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习三个部分。考生学习时应事先熟悉生词表中列出的词汇，并阅读文化背景注释。书中某些课文含有根据上下文推测、记笔记和整理讲座提纲等学习方法训练的内容，还包括对这些练习的示范说明，考生在做这部分练习时应熟悉这些训练的目的和要求。此外，考生应处理好听力课与其他课程的关系。应该知道，除了多听录音、多做练习之外，对语音语调的正确把握、丰富的词汇和语汇、宽阔的文化背景知识面等，对于提高英语听力技能是极其重要的，而这些综合的语言知识和语言技能的学习和掌握，与其他课程（中英语口语、阅读、语法、写作、英语国家概况等）的学习是分不开的。
三、关于考试形式、内容和成绩评定
英语听力考试的形式是笔试。题型均为多项选择类的客观题。考试分五大部分。
第一部分：辨音。（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个读音类似的单词中找出一个录音句子中含有的单词。录音句子读两遍。
第二部分：单句理解（占20％。共20题，每题1分。）
要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个句子中选出一句意思最为接近的句子。录音句子读两遍。
第三部分：对话理解、回答提问（占20％。共20题，每题1分。）
要求考生听完一男一女的两人小对话后，回答第三人的一句提问，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。对话及提问的录音放两遍。
第四部分：短文理解、回答提问（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一篇约200个单词的短文后，回答3－4个问题。问题列在卷面上，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。共三篇短文。短文录音放两遍。
第五部分；短文理解、判断正误（占20％。共10题，每题2分。）
要求考生听完一篇约600个单词的短文后，就短文内容判断10个句子的正误。10个句子均列在卷面上。短文录音放两遍。
整个听力考试约为60分钟。要求考生边听录音、边读试卷，同时在答题卡上做答。采用标准答体卡答卷，机器阅卷。满分为100分，60分为及格。
样题
一、试卷题型举例：
STan dARD LISTEING TESTFOR SELF - TAUGHT STUDENTS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
This is a test of your ability to understan d spoken English. It is divided into five sections. Each section of the test begins with a set of specific directions. Be sure you understan d what you are to do before you begin to work on a section.
The tape will tell you when to strat each section an d when to go on to the next section. You must follow the recording all the time an d work quickly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish a section early, you may review your answer on that section only. You may not go on to the next section an d you may not go back to a section you have already worked on.
You may find that some of the questions are more difficult than others,but you should try to answer every one. Your score will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly. Therefore, if you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best gues that you cna. It is to your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess the answer.
Do no mark your answers in this TEST BOOK. You must mark all your answers on the separate ANSWER SHEET. Be careful to mark only one answer to each question. If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on the ANSWER SHEET, clear it completely withan eraser an d then mark your new answer.
Section One
Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear tensentences. Each sentence will be read twice an d it contains one of the four words given below. You must listen carefully an find out the word you hear in the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
Here is an example:
On the recording,you hear:
The boy bit the man on the arm.
In your test book you read:
(A)beat (B)bit (C)bite (D)beast
You learn from the speaker that the word in the sentence is(B),"bit".Therefore,the correct answer is(B).Now,let’s begin with NO.1
1.(A)cha rged (B)trained (C)challenged (D)changed
2.(A)called (B)cold (C)cooked (D)good
3.(A)exhaustion (B)extraction (C)exhibition (D)exhibit
... ...
Section Two
Directions:For each question in Section Two, you will hear a sentence in the form of a statement or a question. Each sentence will
be spoken twice. When ou hear a sentence, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the chlosest interpretation of the statement or the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(20％)
1.(A)The story is very enjoyable.
(B)Is tha one of the stories?
(C)I wonder which story it is.
(D)Is that a wonderful story?
2.(A)The deans’ offices are located jus over the theater.
(B)The dean is in the other office.
(C)The offices are on the same floor as the theater.
(D)The officers are on the stage.
3.(A)Laura had to take the cake upstairs.
(B)Laura put on makeup before the exam.
(C)Laura must take the test.
(D)Laura knows the flag of every nation
... ...
Section Three
Directions: For each question in Section Three, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers. You will be given a question to answer about each conversation. Each conversation will be read twice. You must listen carefully to understan d what each speaker says. After you hear a conversation, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the best answer to the question. Then,on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
1.What does the woman mean?
(A)The train will be heavily loaded.
(B)The Capitol Building is made of stone.
(C)The Capitol building is near the train station.
(D)The train had already departed for Washington.
2.What does the man mean?
(A)He doesn’t think they are allowed to speak.
(B)He doesn’t know what’s happening outside.
(C)He is only talking to himself.
(D)He thinks it’s too noisy to talk now.
3.What does the man mean?
(A)He can read for a long time when he’s interested.
(B)He’s also amazed at how much he reads.
(C)He reads the same amount as he woman does.
(D)He finds it difficult to sit still to read.
... ...
Secton Four
Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear short talks an d converstations. After each talk or conversation, you will be given some question. Each talk or conversation will be read twice. You must read the questions an d the four possible answers carefully an d choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％)
1.What trouble did the pigeons have?
(A)The cobra cheated them.
(B)The cobra occupied their home.
(C)They blst their valuable necklace.
(D)The cobra often ate the pigeons’ young babies.
2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?
(A)A hare.
(B)A snake.
(C)A queen.
(D)Their servant.
3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?
(A)Because it was too heave.
(B)Because he wanted to trick the cobra.
(C)Because he wanted to please the cobra.
(D)Because he wanted the servants to run after him.
4.What is the point of this passage?
(A)When you are in trouble, better to go an d ask a clever
friend for help.
(B)bathing with a necklace left on the shore is foolish.
(C)It is better to be clever than strong.
(D)It’s foolish to eat young pigeons.
... ...
Section Five
Directions: This section is designed to measure your comprehension of a passage. You are going to hear the passage twice. It will not be written out for you. Therefore,you must listen carfully in order to understan d the passage completely. After you hear the passage, read each statement in your test book an d decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE according to what you have heard on the tape. Then on your answer sheet, if it is TRUE find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"A";if it is FALSE, find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"B".Now, please get ready to listen to the passage.(20％)
1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area
an d experienced hardships of life.
2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in
Englan d.
3.Chaplin had the same dream as his parent’s------to
be film stars.
... ...
THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST.
样题录音文字及标准答案：
Section One
1.The controller cha rged Amy too much.(A)
2.Mike’s coffee was cold.(B)
3.His art was appreciated by the younger people at the exhibi-
tion. (C)
Section Two
1.What a wonderful story!(A)
2.On the floor above the theatre are the deans’ offices.(A)
3.Laura has to make up the examination.(C)
Section Three
1.M.While I’m in Washington,I want to see the Capitol Building.
W.You will. It’s only a stone’s thrown away from the train
station.
Q.What does the woman mean?(C)
2.W. I’m sorry. What did you say?
M. Oh, nothing. I was just thinking out loud.
Q. What does the man mean?(C)
3.W. How you can read so much in one sitting is amazing.
M. When the subject is interesting enough, it’s easy.
Q. What does the man mean?(A)
Section Four
Once upon a time a pair of pigeons were continually upset by a cobra. Every year the snake crawled into their home to eat the young pigeons before they learned to fly.They asked their clever friend, the hare, what to do.
"Do not be disappointed,"he told them,"We cannot stop the cobra by force, as we are not strong enough. We will have to use craft to destroy that cruel beast. Just do what I tell you an d you will be safe."
The pigeon then flew off to the river where a queen was bating, guarded by all her servants. He snatched up the most beautiful necklace left on the shore an d flew away just out of reach of the angry servants. Once they were running straight for the cobra’s home he flew quickly ahead an d settled at the window pretenfing not to know what to do.
The cobra rushed towards the pigeon at once."Stupid pigeon," he thought. He only just managed to fly away, but dropped this valuable necklace in his haste."What will his wife say? Now I will be the most magnificent cobra in the world." However, no sooner had he put it on than the servants appeared an d killed him to take the expensive thing
back.
The year the pigeon’s family grew up healthy an d safe.
Questions:
1.What trouble did the pigeons have?(D)
2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?(A)
3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?(B)
4.What is! the point of this passage?(C)
Section Five
cha rles Chaplin
In 1911, a penniless young man left Englan d for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be worse than his past. He had grown up among the poor in London’s East End an d experience great poverty. His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad. an d his father died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage an d lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son dreamed that he could succeed where they had failed.
By 1914, his dream had come true. His name, cha rlie, was widely talked about in America. He was admired as the king of silent films. How did he reach the top of the film world an d make a huge success in such a short time? It was not at one single stroke. His early efforts to copy other famous stars at that time were a failure. However, he gradually began to develop the cha racter of a tramp, which is always connected with his name. He often borrowed ideas an d even "stole" most of his clothes from others, but he developed his own way to go with them. He used a black hat to pass secret messages, an d the walking stick allowed him to make fun of his enemies or to punish them from a distance. He got the idea for his famous walk from a London driver who had a wound in his foot.
... ...
Questions:
1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life.(A)
2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d.(B)
3.Chapin had the same dream as his parent’s---- to be film stars.(A)
(执笔：南京师范大学外国语学院 李霞 等)
南师大有自考补习班的!你没找找??看有你英语专业的补习班
还有你可以咨询一下这方面在师范大学的老师,我也在帮你找, http://www.china-pub.com/107181
http://www.wl.cn/129040/
http://www.yiyaoshu.com/Book232226/
这是能买到高级英语阅读教程的书,你看一下,我也不知道是不是,能不能买到,我再帮你查,
查到英美文学选读的资料了,给你个网站你看一下 http://www.en8848.com.cn/yingyu/52/n-85152.html
英语本科毕业论文范文
不知道下面这个能否合你要求。呵呵 (因字数有限制，慎芦我可发给你）
英语本科毕业论文
The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Thesis statement:
Everyone knows that Tess’s life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.
Outline
Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles
A. Women’s role in industrial movements during 19th century in England
B. A brief commentary of the novel
1. the writer --Thomas hardy
2. general introduction of the novel
Ⅱ.Tess’s spirit of revolt all through her life
A. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
1. the moribund society
2. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
滑并B. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
1. the traditional moral concept
2. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
C. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion
1.the hypocritical religion in that time
2. Tess’宽让带s resistance to the hypocritical religion
D. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
1.Tess’s unfortunate marriage
2. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.
Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess’s fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.
key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate
内容提要
本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。
关键词：悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运
英语本科毕业论文
The Spirit of Revolt of Tess --Study in Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Thesis statement:
Everyone knows that Tess’s life is a great tragedy, but she is still a courageous woman who dares to fight by all means. In order to defeat the unfortunate fate she always resists the decadent society, the traditional concept, and the hypocrisy religion.
Outline
Ⅰ.Brief Introduction to Tess of the d'Urbervilles
A. Women’s role in industrial movements during 19th century in England
B. A brief commentary of the novel
1. the writer --Thomas hardy
2. general introduction of the novel
Ⅱ.Tess’s spirit of revolt all through her life
A. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
1. the moribund society
2. Tess’s fight to the moribund society
滑并B. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
1. the traditional moral concept
2. Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept
C. Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion
1.the hypocritical religion in that time
2. Tess’宽让带s resistance to the hypocritical religion
D. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
1.Tess’s unfortunate marriage
2. Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage
Ⅲ.Conclusion: In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woman's image to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist marriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.
Abstract
This paper mainly focuses on the spirit of revolt of Tess. First of all, this paper begins with a brief introduction to the novel. Then, this paper makes a brief commentary of the novel. Moreover, it concentrates on :(1) Tess’s fight to the moribund society. (2) Tess’s resistance to the traditional moral concept. (3) Tess’s resistance to the hypocritical religion. (4) Tess’s resistance to the unfortunate marriage. And at last the paper reveals that Tess is actually a character with the spirit of revolt all through her life.
key words:tragedy,Spirit of revolt,industrial movement,unfortunate fate
内容提要
本文研究的是小说主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”。首先，本文对小说的背景做了介绍。然后，对文本进行简要评论。再次，本文主要从以下四个方面对文本主人公“苔丝”的“反抗精神”进行集中讨论：(1) 苔丝对腐朽社会的抗争；(2) 苔丝对传统的道德观念的反抗；(3) 苔丝对伪善的宗教的反抗；(4) 苔丝对不幸婚姻的反抗。最后，揭示出苔丝整个人生经历中的反抗精神。
关键词：悲剧,反抗精神,工业运动,不幸命运
自学英语专业毕业论文范文
浅论基础英语教学中的文化教育
英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。
基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。实施基础文化教学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。
基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。
我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。
基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。
交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。
因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。
我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。
英语文化知识教育应该是文学欣赏课程的内容，学习外语的任务就是领悟和掌握语衡毁森言系统成分的正确用法及实际应用语言的能力，忽视了语言的得体性和社会环境等重要因素在交际中所起的作用。
英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。
实施基础文化教余明学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教咐亩学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。
基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。
我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。
基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。
交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。
只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。
因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。
我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。
来自:标准论文网,原文: http://www.bzlunwen.com/kwhjjyy/46686.html
英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。
基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。实施基础文化教学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。
基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。
我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。
基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。
交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。
因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。
我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。
英语文化知识教育应该是文学欣赏课程的内容，学习外语的任务就是领悟和掌握语衡毁森言系统成分的正确用法及实际应用语言的能力，忽视了语言的得体性和社会环境等重要因素在交际中所起的作用。
英语教学的本质是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。但是，我国英语教育长期以来着重语言形式的学习，较忽视文化因素在教学中的作用。基础英语文化教学应遵循兴趣原则、相关性原则、循序渐进原则、实用性原则和适度性原则。
实施基础文化教余明学应当完善基础英语教学大纲，加强基础英语文化教咐亩学的教材建设，改革考试形式和内容并在基础英语基础阶段开设英美文化选修课。
基础英语教学语言教育文化教育随着世界各国人民交往的日益密切，跨文化交际已成为一个重要的现实课题。英语因其广泛的国际认知度和易用性而担当了重要的国际交流中介语的角色。
我国关键的英语教育阶段体现在大学教育阶段，但在我国基础英语教学中，培养学生得体的英语跨文化交际能力的教育理念并未受到重视，学生的英语课程学习未涉及系统的英美文化背景、生活习俗和价值观念等与文化相关的知识，直接导致很多大学生的跨文化交际知识贫乏并碍于这种跨文化交际障碍，多存在交流焦虑心理，或是只能运用英语进行低效的交流和沟通。
基础英语教学中加强文化教育的意义基础英语教学的本质要求简而言之，英语教育本质上是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
语言表达能力是跨文化交际的基础，但成功的跨文化交际不仅要求学习者在发音、语法和词汇等纯语言因素方面训练有素，还要求学习者牢固地掌握英语的支持要素，即文化要素。
交际中存在的错误大致可区分为语言错误和文化错误，操本族语的人与外族人的交流时，一般能容忍外族人的语言错误和语法错误，而对于因文化背景差异所致的违反语言交流规则，通常被认为不够礼貌，严重时会导致文化障碍。
只有在同时掌握英语运用能力和英语的语言文化背景，并了解这种背景与本国文化的异同，才能进行得体的跨文化交际。
因此，文化教学也是语言教学的重要组成部分，将英语文化背景知识导入教学内容之中，改变传统"纯语言"教学模式，不仅使英语教学深入到语言符号的使用上，更重要的是培养学生的英语文化意识和文化敏感性，使之进而发展成为一种跨文化交际能力的重要手段。
我国基础英语教学中文化教学的现状、我国基础英语教学中的文化教学存在的问题尽管我国英语教育理论界对语言与文化教育的研究取得了一定成就，但有些基础英语教师的教学观念依然存在偏误，单纯地认为英语教育就是教会学生记住单词、句型、语法等语言知识。
来自:标准论文网,原文: http://www.bzlunwen.com/kwhjjyy/46686.html
英语教育类论文范文篇一
《高中英语课堂教学中的德育教育与教学方法探索》
摘要：本文简要论述了英语语言和高中英语课程中所蕴含的德育功能，并进一步提出教师在利用教材和课堂所提供的虚拟道德情境帮助学生获得道德认知的基础上，还应该采用多种教学方法，有意识的为学生在课堂上提供人际交往的机会和场景。以创设真实的道德教育情境，在帮助学生有效完成英语学习的同时，引导他们达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。
关键词：道德;德育教育;高中英语;道德教育情境
中共中央国务院《关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》要求：“学校……把德育工作摆在素质教扒喊谈育的首要位置，贯穿于教育教学的各个环节。”道德教育不是学校某一门课程的专有职能，也不是只在某一特定时候才开展的工作。“只有将道德教育与知识教学结合起来，通过学校开设的各种课程进行道德教育，才能为人的精神丰富与道德成长找到一条有效的途径”。
一、英语语言春碰所蕴含的德育功能
早在上世纪20年代初，萨丕尔就指出，语言是描述人类经验与对世界认识的方式，同一语言社区的成员有着共同的、系统的信仰和理念，他们决定了社区的结构，并通过语言表达出来。因此，语言与文化不是互不相干的孤立的现象，他们紧密联系在一起。当代语言观认为，语言是文化的主要载体，也是习得文化的主要途径之一，而离开了文化，也不可能正确的习得与学习语言。何谓文化?英国人类学家泰勒(1871)指出，文化是指社会成渗禅员习得的知识、信仰，艺术、道德、法律与习俗的综合体。B.Tomolin等人则进一步将文化分成三大块：思想、产物、与行为，而其中思想起着决定性作用。3由此可见。英语语言本身就承载着思想道德的内容。学习英语语言的过程，同时也是从另一个角度接受德育教育的过程。
二、高中英语课程中的德育功能
要开发和实现高中英语课程中的德育功能，首先要澄清德育教育的内容是什么。道德是一个人对人、事、物及其关系的基本观点，态度，情感及行为表现。4在人与人(他人与群体)之间，主体我(I)与客体我(me)之间，人与动物、人与自然、人与工作、人与神之间都存在道德关系。5从1997年3月正式开始实施的“全球生活价值教育项目”(Living Values Educa-tional Project)所提出的核心德目对我们的德育教育应该具有启示和指导作用，它们是：合作、自由、幸福、诚实、谦卑、爱心、和平、尊重、责任、朴素、容忍、团结。
教育部干2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准(试验)》对英语的课程性质作了如下规定：“英语课程的学习，既是学生通过英语学习和实践活动，逐步掌握英语知识和技能，提高语言实际运用能力的过程，又是他们磨练意志、陶冶情操、拓展事业、丰富生活经历，开发个性和提高人文素养的过程。”这其中显然包含了思想道德教育的内容。相应的，《课程标准》将“培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观”等作为英语课程的任务之一。
我们现行高中英语教材是高中英语教学的媒介物，是经过筛选的学习资料，这些材料本身就蕴含有丰富的德育功能。以人教版全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)英语第二册(上)为例：该书包括10个主题单元的内容，这10个主题分别涉及到了辩学、自然、文学、艺术、文化、生活、环保等领域，为学生提供了相关方面的一些知识，同时也为他们深入思考人类与这些事物之间的道德关系提供了很好的平台。比如第一单元的阅读文章No:Boundaries给学生简要介绍了Stephen Hawking，学生可以在学习掌握英语语言知识的同时，了解Hawking顽强的奋斗史，从而去追问顽强、信念、意志、责任之于生命的意义，去探求自由、幸福的哲学意义。
三、英语教学与道德教育情境的创设
如前所述，英语作为一门学科，其本身即承载和蕴含有丰富的德育功能。但这些德育动能需要教师有意识的创设一定的教育情境。情景是道德教育中重要而有意义的组成部分，情景不同，所产生的学习方式不同，其学习结果和效果也不同。
(一)课堂教学与虚拟道德情景
课堂教学就可以提供一种道德教育情境。以扎实高效的认知法(the cognitive approach)为例，其步骤一般是这样的：1、复习导入。讲解新词;2，讲解语法;3、语法练习;4、讲授新课，并展小组活动。逐句讨论课文内容与意义。教师总结;5、回到课文，听录音，学生就课文内容提问。如此，尤其是在开展第4和第5步骤的过程中，学生在老师有意识的引导下，在阅读材料和课堂所提供的虚拟情境中，即可获得一定的道德认知。但认知并非道德教育的全部，道德情感、道德意志和道德行动亦是道德教育非常重要的组成部分，毕竟，“人是做成的而并非生就的”。对于虚拟情境中的个体来讲，他的所作所为只是他的一种意象，并不能保证其在真实情最能够达到道德知、情、意、行的统一。
(二)课堂教学与真实道德情景
课堂教学中的真实情境最主要的是课堂人际交往中发生的各种场景，包括师生交往、生生交往等。这种情境因为过去一直没有受到教师教育意识的足够关注，教师和学生往往会在这种情境中展示出自己最自然本真的一面，因而它所体现的道德更多的是直觉性和习惯化的行为，因此也就更加利于师生之间进行更加有效的道德观察、道德评价和道德教育。当然，这要求教师在课堂教学中注意采用一些鼓励课堂人际交往的教学方法，如交际法，提示法、社区式语言学习法、整体教学法，任务型语言教学法、合作型学习等，并在教学开展的过程中有意识的关注自己和学生在课堂交往时的道德行为和表现，及时给予评价或鼓励。
需要说明的是，在道德教育的过程中——无论是虚拟情境抑或真实情境中，应鼓励学生在对话与协商中提升其道德判断和行为抉择的能力。为了保证师生、生生之间对话与协商的有效，在课堂交往中教师应注意有关言说与倾听有关的问题。在这里，哈贝马斯(Habermas.J)所界定的理想言说的四个条件或许会有帮助：言说内容的真实性;言说行动的适当性，言说者意向的真诚性，言说含义的可领会性。至于倾听，教师则应注意避免“不倾听”、“不健全倾听”、“虚假倾听”、“拒绝倾听”、“批发式倾听”和“同情式倾听”等几种情况和倾向。
当然，德育教育绝非仅由教师和课堂教育教学就能完成，它需要政府、社会、学校、社区，家长和受教育者本人的共同努力。本研究仅希望能够对广大同行在相关方面的课堂教学提供一些思考。
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